![]() She defines a different set of 4 roles for research journals which are more focused towards typical qualitative projects and philosophies:ġ. In other words, to also record the researchers own observations about the participants and their lives, when doing interviews, focus groups or ethnography, that will enrich and give context to other more ‘formal’ methods of data collection. A log of day-to-day personal introspectionsīut as Janesick (1998) notes, another important role is to “refine the understanding of the responses of participants in the study, much like a physician or health care worker might do”. A log of methodological decision pointsĤ. The paper lists 4 major things to record in the diary:ģ. They define it as “analogous to the anthropologists field journals and is the major means for an inquirer to perform a running check on the biases, which he (sic) carried with him into the context”. Lincoln and Guba (1982), offers one of the few good published guidelines for what should actually be in a reflexive journal. There are lots of papers and textbooks that give examples of what research journals look like (eg Silverman 2013 has several from former students), however few detail what they should contain, or how to keep them. When writing up, this log can become as a vital a source of data as a participant interview. Keeping a personal record of the process, key decisions and feelings offers the researcher the opportunity to learn from the research process (Thorpe 2010) and better remember how things came to pass. Qualitative research projects are complex to design, manage and analyse, and can take many years to complete. Smith (1999) also describes research journals as an important part of ‘enhancing ethical and methodologic rigour’, but there much more to them than this, regardless of the rather positivistic terminology. Lincoln and Guba (1982) wrote a classic paper detailing reflexive journals as part of an auditing process for research projects, but with the very specific aim of improving the reliability of research and removing bias. They are all basically the same thing – a written (or verbal) record written by the researcher during the research process, detailing what they did and why. These are sometimes called reflexive diaries, self-reflexive journals, research journals or research diaries. Last year, 175 nations agreed to end plastic pollution under a legally binding United Nations agreement that could be finalised as soon as next year.It is common practice for researcher to keep a journal or diary during the research process, regardless of discipline or methodology. “Environmental recovery of plastic has limited merit, so solution strategies must address those systems that restrict emissions of plastic pollution in the first place,” the study said. That includes the 1988 MARPOL treaty, a legally binding agreement among 154 countries to end the discharge of plastics from naval, fishing and shipping fleets.īut with so much more plastic being produced today, the study’s authors said a new, wide-ranging treaty is needed to not only reduce plastic production and use but also better manage its disposal. The rates of plastic waste were seen to recede at some points between 19, in part because there were some effective policies in place to control pollution. “We really we see a lack of recycling, a flood of toxic products and packaging,” Erdle said. If landfills are not properly managed, plastic waste can leech into the environment, eventually making its way to oceans. Recycling, even in countries with advanced waste management systems, has done little to help the pollution problem since just a small percentage of plastics are properly recycled and much often ending up in landfills instead. In 1950, only two million tonnes of plastic were produced worldwide. On current trends, plastic use will nearly double from 2019 across G20 countries by 2050, reaching 451 million tonnes each year, according to the report, jointly produced by Economist Impact and The Nippon Foundation. ![]()
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